Quantify carbon sequestration, oxygen production, and ecosystem service value for any forest area. Compare 5 forest types and model restoration ROI over any time horizon.
Forest Parameters
Sequestration Rate—
Biodiversity—
Ecosystem Value—
Total Carbon Sequestered
—
tons CO₂e
Annual Rate
—
tons CO₂e/yr
Oxygen Produced
—
tons O₂
Cars Removed Equivalent
—
vehicles off road for 50 yr
Trees to Replace
—
mature trees needed
Ecosystem Value
—
TEEB estimate
Carbon = area × rate × yearsO₂ = area × 0.0182 t/ac/yr × yearsCars = carbon / 4.6 t/yr
Carbon Accumulation Over Time
Cumulative tons CO₂e sequestered by year for the selected forest type and area.
Enter forest area and type to see your impact summary.
Annual Sequestration Rate by Forest Type
Tons CO₂e sequestered per acre per year. Based on 100 acres from the Calculator tab.
Forest Type Data Table
Forest Type
Rate (t CO₂e/ac/yr)
Total (100 ac, 50 yr)
Oxygen (tons)
Cars Removed
Eco Value/yr
Biodiversity
Total Ecosystem Value
—
over 50 years
Carbon Market Value
—
at $15/ton CO₂e (voluntary market)
Annual Eco Value
—
per year from ecosystem services
Value Per Acre/Year
—
TEEB global forest average
Cumulative Value Over Time
Green area = cumulative ecosystem services value · Teal dashed = carbon market value at $15/ton · Amber = simple timber value estimate
Why Ecosystem Services Matter
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study estimates global forests provide $1,500–$10,000 per acre per year in ecosystem services — water filtration, flood control, pollination, climate regulation, recreation, and cultural value. These services are rarely captured in timber markets but represent the true economic cost of deforestation.
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Water Filtration
$100–$500/ac/yr
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Flood Control
$200–$1,000/ac/yr
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Pollination
$50–$300/ac/yr
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Climate Regulation
$300–$2,000/ac/yr
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Biodiversity
$500–$5,000/ac/yr
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Carbon Storage
$75–$900/ac/yr
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Walk-through
How to Use This Calculator
1
Enter Forest Area
2
Choose Forest Type
3
Set Growth Period
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Reference
Formula & Methodology
Carbon Sequestration
carbon = area × rate × years
Total CO₂e sequestered equals forest area (acres) multiplied by the forest type's annual sequestration rate (tons CO₂e per acre per year) and the number of years. Rates are sourced from IPCC AR6 and EPA forest carbon databases.
Oxygen Production
oxygen = area × 16.556 t/ac/yr × oxygenMult × years
A mature temperate forest produces roughly 100 lbs of oxygen per acre per day (≈16.556 metric tons/acre/year). This base rate is scaled by an ecosystem-specific multiplier — Mangrove: 1.8×, Tropical: 1.4×, Temperate: 1.0×, Boreal: 0.8×, Grassland: 0.5×.
Car Equivalent
cars = carbon_total ÷ 4.6 t CO₂/car/yr
The US EPA estimates an average passenger vehicle emits approximately 4.6 metric tons of CO₂ per year. Dividing total sequestration by 4.6 gives the equivalent number of cars taken off the road for the full modeled period.
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Glossary
Key Terms Explained
Carbon SequestrationThe long-term removal and storage of atmospheric CO₂ by forests through photosynthesis. Trees convert CO₂ into biomass — wood, roots, and soil organic matter — effectively locking carbon out of the atmosphere.
BiomassThe total mass of living organic matter in a forest ecosystem — above-ground (trunks, branches, leaves) and below-ground (roots). Carbon is approximately 50% of dry biomass weight.
IPCCThe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the UN body that assesses climate science. The IPCC AR6 report provides the forest carbon sequestration rate ranges used in this calculator.
Ecosystem ServicesBenefits that natural ecosystems provide to humans beyond carbon storage — clean water filtration, flood control, air purification, pollinator habitat, recreation, and medicinal plant biodiversity. TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) assigns dollar values to these services.
BiodiversityThe variety of species and genetic diversity within an ecosystem. Tropical rainforests harbor more than half of Earth's species on 6% of its land area; mangroves support unique coastal species assemblages. Loss of biodiversity disrupts ecosystem resilience.
REDD+Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation — a UN climate framework that provides financial incentives to developing countries for preserving forests. REDD+ credits are bought by governments and corporations to offset emissions.
Carbon DensityThe amount of carbon stored per unit of forest area, typically expressed in tons of CO₂e per hectare or acre. Old-growth tropical forests have the highest carbon density; degraded grasslands the lowest. Carbon density depends on species composition, climate, and soil type.
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Scenarios
Real-World Examples
Result
270 tons CO₂e sequestered — equivalent to 59 cars removed for a year.
Result
5,625 tons CO₂e sequestered — worth ~$14M in ecosystem services.
Result
400,000 tons CO₂e sequestered — equivalent to 86,957 cars removed.
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Deep Dive
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Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
How accurate are the carbon sequestration rates?+
The rates used (0.5–17.5 tons CO₂e per acre per year) are IPCC AR6 midpoint estimates for mature stands of each forest type. Real-world sequestration varies with stand age, species composition, soil type, and climate. Young plantations typically sequester carbon faster per year than old-growth, but old-growth stores far more total carbon. For formal carbon accounting or regulatory reporting, site-specific measurements via approved forest carbon protocols (e.g., Verra VCS, American Carbon Registry) are required.
Why do mangroves have such a high sequestration rate?+
Mangroves store carbon in two ways that most forests cannot match: in their above-ground biomass (like all forests) and in their deep, permanently waterlogged soils. Anoxic conditions in these 'blue carbon' soils prevent organic matter from decomposing, allowing carbon to accumulate for centuries. When mangroves are cleared, this ancient soil carbon is rapidly oxidized, making mangrove deforestation one of the most carbon-intense land use changes on Earth.
What does ecosystem value include?+
The ecosystem service values (per acre per year) are based on TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) estimates and include: water purification and watershed protection, flood and storm surge attenuation, soil formation and erosion control, pollination services, carbon sequestration market value, biodiversity and genetic resource value, and recreational and cultural value. These are not market prices you can directly capture — they represent the replacement cost or willingness-to-pay for these services if they had to be provided artificially.
Can I use this to calculate carbon offsets for purchase?+
This calculator provides educational estimates, not verified carbon credits. Offset projects require third-party verification under a recognized standard (Verra VCS, Gold Standard, ACR, CAR) and must demonstrate additionality — that the sequestration would not have occurred without the project. However, these estimates are useful for understanding the order-of-magnitude climate benefit of conservation or restoration initiatives, and for advocacy and fundraising purposes.