Compare the same starting cash and monthly budget, with an explicit sale date and uncertain return assumptions.
A positive difference favors buyer wealth at this comparison date; a negative difference favors renter wealth. Returns, taxes and future costs can change the result. Lifestyle trade-offs remain yours.
When initial investment is off, starting liquid capital stays in cash at zero return. Monthly surpluses remain invested. Principal never disappears.
Purchase and financing
PMI is omitted at a zero quoted rate. Enter a lender quote if needed. This is not loan-program eligibility.
Ownership costs
State presets are dated illustrative inputs, not current quotes. Custom retains your edits.
Dated owner repairs
Enter up to three repairs, charged at the end of that year while owning. Repair dates must be no later than the planned sale.
Renting alternative
Market assumptions
Equal monthly budgets
Blank budget uses the higher housing cost each month. Both strategies receive that same budget and invest the remainder. Enter a common budget to model deposits or withdrawals.
Optional tax scenarios
Optional 2025 federal deduction scenario, credited at year end. Verify qualified interest, SALT room and the alternative deduction. Default standard amounts assume an adult under 65 who is not a dependent; enter your verified standard deduction if different. Future deduction growth is an assumption.
Sale tax uses entered rate, verified exclusion and purchase price plus eligible basis additions. No automatic exclusion eligibility is inferred. A zero rate omits sale tax.
Affordability context
DTI uses scheduled P&I, property tax, insurance, HOA and entered PMI. Upkeep, repairs and investments are excluded. Ratios are context, not loan approval.
Equal starting cash receipt
Financial snapshot at comparison year
Comparable wealth through the projection horizon
Before the planned sale, buyer wealth assumes immediate liquidation. At the planned sale proceeds enter the portfolio once; after sale the former buyer pays the same rental path.
Buyer minus renter
Costs exclude down payment and principal repayment. Sale expenses and modeled taxes enter once at the actual sale; portfolio opportunity cost is not added again.
Preview changes no assumptions or comparison date.
Comparable wealth through the projection horizon
Year
Buyer
Renter
Buyer minus renter
When the answer changes
Rows are appreciation; columns are investment return. Values are buyer minus renter wealth at the selected comparison. Rent growth stays fixed. These are assumptions, not probabilities.
Assumptions that change the answer
One input changes at a time: rates rise by one percentage point; home price rises by 10%. Other assumptions stay fixed.
Projection table
Scroll horizontally for all columns. The year column remains visible. After sale, home value and loan are zero.
Projection table
Monthly paired cash-flow ledger
Monthly paired cash-flow ledger
Buyer wealth = net liquidation value + side investments + held cash. Renter wealth = investments + held cash. Every debt payoff and sale expense is included once.
Share starts with a plain calculator link. Financial details require explicit review. No addresses or account identifiers are requested.
Review share content
2 min read3 steps6 terms3 examples8 FAQsW_buy = H − S − L − T + I + C
Housing decisions combine financial assumptions and personal priorities.
Enter purchase, rent and ownership costs from your own quotes. Both paths start with the same capital; the down payment becomes equity, while purchase fees are expenses.
2
Selected comparison
Set planned sale year no later than the comparison year, and comparison year no later than the projection horizon. After sale, the former owner rents on the same rent path.
3
Scenario Analysis
Review the signed wealth difference, cash receipt and monthly ledger. Preview sensitivity cells before applying them. Review financial sharing explicitly before copying a link.
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Reference
Formula & Methodology
3 formulas▸
Realizable wealth
W_buy = H − S − L − T + I + C
Before the actual sale, H is home value, S selling costs, L the payoff and T modeled sale tax. I and C are investments and held cash. At sale, net proceeds move into the portfolio once.
Equal monthly budgets
D_buy = B − H_buy; D_rent = B − H_rent
The common monthly budget B is identical. Housing cash outflows include principal, but unrecoverable costs exclude principal and down payment. Investment growth occurs before month-end deposits or withdrawals.
Both terminal wealth amounts use the same exit-date inflation factor. Cumulative cash-flow present values instead discount each monthly payment at its own date; they are shown separately from nominal totals.
Reviewer: Calculover Editorial Review - Source and limitation review
Last reviewed: 2026-05-10
Last verified: 2026-05-10
Data effective: 2025-01-01
Methodology
Buyer wealth = net liquidation value + side investments + held cash. Renter wealth = investments + held cash. Every debt payoff and sale expense is included once. The common monthly budget B is identical. Housing cash outflows include principal, but unrecoverable costs exclude principal and down payment. Investment growth occurs before month-end deposits or withdrawals. Both terminal wealth amounts use the same exit-date inflation factor. Cumulative cash-flow present values instead discount each monthly payment at its own date; they are shown separately from nominal totals.
Assumption: Blank budget uses the higher housing cost each month. Both strategies receive that same budget and invest the remainder. Enter a common budget to model deposits or withdrawals.
Assumption: Before the planned sale, buyer wealth assumes immediate liquidation. At the planned sale proceeds enter the portfolio once; after sale the former buyer pays the same rental path.
Assumption: Optional 2025 federal deduction scenario, credited at year end. Verify qualified interest, SALT room and the alternative deduction. Default standard amounts assume an adult under 65 who is not a dependent; enter your verified standard deduction if different. Future deduction growth is an assumption.
Assumption: Sale tax uses entered rate, verified exclusion and purchase price plus eligible basis additions. No automatic exclusion eligibility is inferred. A zero rate omits sale tax.
Assumption: PMI is omitted at a zero quoted rate. Enter a lender quote if needed. This is not loan-program eligibility.
Limitations & guidance
A positive difference favors buyer wealth at this comparison date; a negative difference favors renter wealth. Returns, taxes and future costs can change the result. Lifestyle trade-offs remain yours.
A portfolio becomes negative. This is a modeled funding gap, with the entered borrowing APR; it does not establish borrowing availability.
DTI uses scheduled P&I, property tax, insurance, HOA and entered PMI. Upkeep, repairs and investments are excluded. Ratios are context, not loan approval.
State presets are dated illustrative inputs, not current quotes. Custom retains your edits.
Professional guidance: Rent vs Buy is for housing-finance education only and is not mortgage, legal, tax, or underwriting advice. Confirm rates, fees, eligibility, and cash-to-close with a lender or housing professional.
Equal starting capital ↗The same initial cash is allocated to either purchase costs and equity or renter investments and held cash. No initial principal is silently spent or removed.
Realizable wealth ↗Home value less selling costs, loan payoff and modeled sale tax, plus side investments and held cash. Gross equity excludes only the loan; it is not net sale proceeds.
Unrecoverable cost ↗Interest, taxes, upkeep, insurance, HOA, quoted PMI and transaction expenses do not become home equity. Down payment and principal repayment do.
Held cash ↗Initial liquid capital held at zero return when initial investment is off. It remains an asset and is used before investment withdrawals when funding expenses.
Dated present value ↗A payment is discounted for the time between today and that payment, not for the entire projection horizon.
Sampled crossing ↗A month where the signed wealth ranking changes. Multiple reversals are retained. No crossing only describes the modeled finite horizon.
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Scenarios
Real-World Examples
3 worked examples▸
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Buyer
Cash purchase, one year
Result
+$12,000
Home price $120,000Down payment, % 100%Mortgage interest rate, % 0%Mortgage term, years 30Starting monthly rent $1,000Compare at year 1Planned sale year 1Projection horizon, years 1Selling costs, % 0%Source assumptions All growth, investment return, inflation and owner recurring costs are zero; no repairs, renter fees or taxes; purchase closing costs zero; common budget uses the higher monthly cost.
Buyer retains a home worth 120,000 and invests twelve monthly savings of 1,000, then sells without fees: wealth 132,000. Renter retains the same initial 120,000. Difference: +12,000.
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Buyer
Selling expenses change the result
Result
+$6,000
Home price $120,000Down payment, % 100%Mortgage interest rate, % 0%Mortgage term, years 30Starting monthly rent $1,000Compare at year 1Planned sale year 1Projection horizon, years 1Selling costs, % 5%Source assumptions All growth, investment return, inflation and owner recurring costs are zero; no repairs, renter fees or taxes; purchase closing costs zero; common budget uses the higher monthly cost.
A 5% selling expense removes 6,000 once. Buyer wealth is 126,000 versus renter wealth of 120,000; the advantage is +6,000, not +12,000.
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Buyer
Principal builds equity
Result
+$12,000
Home price $120,000Down payment, % 0%Mortgage interest rate, % 0%Mortgage term, years 10Starting monthly rent $1,000Compare at year 1Planned sale year 1Projection horizon, years 1Selling costs, % 0%Source assumptions All growth, investment return, inflation and owner recurring costs are zero; no repairs, renter fees or taxes; purchase closing costs zero; common budget uses the higher monthly cost.
With no down payment and a hypothetical zero-rate ten-year loan, both pay 1,000 monthly. Buyer repays 12,000 principal in year one; sale pays the remaining 108,000 balance. Buyer wealth is 12,000 and renter wealth zero.
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Reference
Cite This Calculator
APA & MLA▸
Use either format to cite this calculator in a paper, report, or resource list.
Housing decisions combine financial assumptions and personal priorities. This model isolates equal cash resources, dated housing costs and realizable wealth. A favorable result is conditional on the inputs, not a promise about markets or a recommendation for every household.
Follow both cash ledgers
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The renter receives the buyer’s cash-to-close as initial liquid capital, unless separately entered renter fees use some cash. Each month both receive the same budget. Positive remainders are invested; a shortfall uses held cash then investments. Negative balances are disclosed with an entered financing rate.
Separate ownership from sale proceeds
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Only scheduled principal and interest are fixed for the entered fixed-rate loan. Taxes, insurance, upkeep, HOA and rent follow the stated assumptions. At the actual sale, the loan and expenses are deducted once. There is no continuing hypothetical home or mortgage in the post-sale path.
Stress assumptions, not probabilities
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The appreciation-return grid holds rent growth fixed and previews each pair without applying it. Driver comparisons change one input at a time. A long stay does not guarantee a buying advantage, and no crossing says nothing beyond the finite horizon. Verify taxes and quotes independently.
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Questions
Frequently Asked Questions
8 questions▸
What does a positive difference mean?+
A positive difference favors buyer wealth at this comparison date; a negative difference favors renter wealth. Returns, taxes and future costs can change the result. Lifestyle trade-offs remain yours.
Is the down payment a sunk cost?+
Interest, taxes, upkeep, insurance, HOA, quoted PMI and transaction expenses do not become home equity. Down payment and principal repayment do.
What happens when initial investment is off?+
When initial investment is off, starting liquid capital stays in cash at zero return. Monthly surpluses remain invested. Principal never disappears.
Can I sell before the comparison year?+
Before the planned sale, buyer wealth assumes immediate liquidation. At the planned sale proceeds enter the portfolio once; after sale the former buyer pays the same rental path.
How are tax benefits modeled?+
Optional annual tax savings use verified 2025 inputs and the renter’s alternative deduction. Sale taxes use your entered rate, basis additions and verified exclusion. Eligibility is not inferred from the sale year.
What do today’s dollars mean?+
Both terminal wealth amounts use the same exit-date inflation factor. Cumulative cash-flow present values instead discount each monthly payment at its own date; they are shown separately from nominal totals.
Does no crossing mean buying can never lead?+
A month where the signed wealth ranking changes. Multiple reversals are retained. No crossing only describes the modeled finite horizon.
Is this a forecast or mortgage approval?+
This compares entered assumptions using the same starting capital and budget. It is neither a forecast nor mortgage approval. The optional debt-to-income context excludes upkeep; lenders assess eligibility using their own rules.
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Bonus
A fair comparison of two housing paths
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Factor
Renter
Buyer
Initial liquid capital
Common starting capital
Down payment becomes equity; Purchase transaction expense
Housing cash flow at comparison month
Starting monthly rent
Ownership costs
Realizable wealth
Cash plus side investments
Net sale proceeds + Cash plus side investments
Annual upkeep, % of home value
Starting monthly rent
Dated owner repairs
Optional tax scenarios
Optional 2025 federal deduction scenario, credited at year end. Verify qualified interest, SALT room and the alternative deduction. Default standard amounts assume an adult under 65 who is not a dependent; enter your verified standard deduction if different. Future deduction growth is an assumption.
Sale tax uses entered rate, verified exclusion and purchase price plus eligible basis additions. No automatic exclusion eligibility is inferred. A zero rate omits sale tax.
Personal flexibility
Lease terms and moving costs matter.
Sale timing, local fees and household needs matter.
Source assumptions
A positive difference favors buyer wealth at this comparison date; a negative difference favors renter wealth. Returns, taxes and future costs can change the result. Lifestyle trade-offs remain yours.
A positive difference favors buyer wealth at this comparison date; a negative difference favors renter wealth. Returns, taxes and future costs can change the result. Lifestyle trade-offs remain yours.