Investment ROI Calculator

ROI · CAGR · IRR · MOIC · Scenario Analysis · Wealth Projector — cash-flow receipts and explicit scenario assumptions.

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Quick Presets

Investment Type

Initial Investment

Duration

Yrs

Mos

Contributions

Amount ($)

Frequency

Realism Settings

Inflation %

Tax Drag %

Fees: Entry / Exit / Annual (%)

Benchmark Rate %

Leverage / Margin

Leverage

Margin Rate (%)

⚠ High leverage amplifies losses. A 50%+ drawdown could trigger a margin call.

Dated cash-flow ledger

Use explicit dated cash flows

General investing only. Replaces recurring contributions and asset-specific fee, tax and yield models. Historical mode uses your observed remaining value; projected mode accrues the entered annual return on actual/365 days. Fees here are paid from outside the account.

Investment start

Valuation date

One cash flow per line: date; type; amount

Use ISO dates and canonical types contribution, withdrawal, distribution or fee. Amounts use a decimal point or comma without thousands grouping. Withdrawals and distributions leave the account; do not include them again in remaining value. Example: 2026-07-01; distribution; 50

💾 Saved Scenarios 0

No saved scenarios yet.

Net investment profit

$15,000

+$5,000 📈 vs benchmark

1.5×

Investment receipt

Contributed outflows

Cash received

Remaining investment value

Cash-flow ledger and return conventions

Investment cash-flow receipt
Date / period	Cash-flow type	Contributed outflow	Cash received	Remaining value

Total ROI i

50.00%

Annualized return i

8.45%

Net Profit

$5,000

Total Invested

$10,000

IRR i

8.45%

Cash payback i

Yr 3

—

Return measures

—

ROI = (R + V − C) ÷ C CAGR = (FV/PV)^(1/t)−1 FV = P(1+r)^t

📊 Investment B

Initial ($)

Annual Return (%)

Duration (years)

Monthly Contrib ($)

Annual Fee (%)

Final Value B—

Annualized return B—

Net Profit B—

MOIC B—

Market Scenario Analysis

How your investment performs in bear, base, and bull market conditions (±30% return adjustment).

🐻 Bear Case

Return − 30%

Final Value—

Annualized return—

Net Profit—

Total ROI—

📊 Base Case

Your Input

Final Value—

Annualized return—

Net Profit—

Total ROI—

🐂 Bull Case

Return + 30%

Final Value—

Annualized return—

Net Profit—

Total ROI—

Tax-rate illustration

Compare entered short-term and long-term rate assumptions on the same gain. This does not determine tax classification or liability.

Entered rate assumptions

Entered long-term illustrative rate

U.S. illustration only. Choose both rates independently; ordinary brackets do not determine capital-gain rates. This is not your tax liability.

Gross Profit—

STCG Rate (ordinary)—

LTCG Rate (>1 year)—

Tax Comparison

Short-term rate illustration—

Long-term rate illustration—

After-Tax (STCG)—

After-Tax (LTCG)—

Choose both entered rates to compare the illustration.

Monte Carlo Simulation

500 fixed-seed paths illustrate assumed returns and volatility. Percentiles describe this model, not forecast confidence or guaranteed outcomes.

Annual Volatility (σ %) S&P 500 ≈ 15% | Crypto ≈ 60% | Bonds ≈ 6%

Return Rate × Duration Sensitivity Matrix

Final portfolio value across different annual return rates and holding periods. Click any cell to drill into that scenario.

Archived constant-rate illustration

Explore stored approximate rates using a fixed 2026 endpoint. These are illustrative assumptions, not a verified historical price series or a value today.

Asset Class

Since Year

Amount Invested

Value Today

—

Historical CAGR

—

Annualised

Inflation-Adj. Value

—

2% avg. inflation

Asset Class Comparison

Dollar-Cost Averaging vs Lump Sum

Same total capital — invested all at once on Day 1 vs spread equally over 12 months.

Lump Sum

—

Invest all capital on Day 1

DCA (12 months)

—

Equal instalments over first year

Historical Crash Impact

How major market crashes would affect your current portfolio value — and how long to recover at your current return rate.

Crash Event	Market Drop	Your Loss	Value After Crash	Years to Recover	Recovery Year

Recovery assumes your current CAGR resumes immediately after the crash.

Break-Even Analysis

When does cumulative investment growth overcome fees and when do returns exceed your initial capital?

Fee Break-Even

—

Years until gains exceed total fees paid

Cash payback

—

Years until net returns exceed your initial investment

30-Year Wealth Projection

Your investment trajectory vs major asset class benchmarks over a 30-year horizon.

Wealth Milestones

Target	Year	Value at Year

How long to reach ($)

Need ($) yrs

Reach ($) in yrs

FIRE Milestones

Illustrative years to fixed portfolio targets at the stated constant return and contribution assumptions. These targets do not establish retirement affordability.

$500,000 — years

$1,000,000 — years

$2,000,000 — years

Custom FIRE Target ($)

Advanced FIRE Variants

Coast FIRE

—

Age: → coast to $1M by 65

Barista FIRE

—

Portfolio covering 70% of expenses

Contribution Ladder

Impact of different monthly contribution levels on your final wealth at 10 and 30 years (at current return rate).

Monthly Contribution	10-Year Value	30-Year Value	30yr Gain vs $0

Sequence of Returns Risk

Illustrative withdrawal sequence: 1,000 independent log-normal paths, fixed seed 20261019, year-end withdrawals, and the current constant return/volatility assumptions. Funding rates describe this model, not a safe-withdrawal guarantee.

Annual Withdrawal ($)

Retirement Years

Opportunity Cost Analysis

What if you had invested the same capital in S&P 500, Real Estate, or Bonds instead? See what you gained or gave up.

S&P 500 (10%)

—

Real Estate (8%)

—

Bonds (4%)

—

3 min read 4 steps 6 terms 3 examples 6 FAQs π = R + V − C; ROI = π / C × 100

An investment return needs a cash basis, a valuation date and a clear distinction between amounts received and amounts still held.

YMYL Reviewed by Calculover Editorial Review · Updated 2026-05-10 · 2 sources

📋

Walk-through

How to Use This Calculator

4 steps

Choose the analysis

Use Historical for an observed remaining value, or Project Future for an assumed future return. Historical intermediate curves illustrate endpoints rather than observed prices.

Enter investor cash and value

Enter the initial amount, duration and remaining value or assumed return. An entered zero is a valid total loss; a blank required field has no result.

Add cash flows explicitly

Choose month-end or anniversary contributions, or Advanced dated cash flows. Record contributions, withdrawals, distributions and externally paid fees once.

Reconcile and review

Check the cash identity and annualization convention. Copy, CSV and Print use the current receipt; Share opens a disclosure review with a blank link by default.

⚡

Reference

Formula & Methodology

3 formulas

Investor profit and holding-period ROI

π = R + V − C; ROI = π / C × 100

Profit equals received cash plus remaining value minus all contributed outflows. ROI divides that profit by contributed outflows. Initial-budget costs and fees already deducted from value are not subtracted twice.

Annualized return and dated IRR

NPV(r) = Σ CFᵢ / (1 + r)^tᵢ = 0

Endpoint CAGR applies without intermediate investor cash flows. Recurring flows use their month-end or anniversary timing; dated flows use actual days / 365. The solver verifies a unique supported finite solution. An unavailable IRR does not remove a valid profit receipt.

Purchasing-power return

r_real = (1 + r_nominal) / (1 + inflation) − 1

The Fisher adjustment divides one plus the nominal annual return by one plus the entered annual inflation rate. Positive inflation reduces purchasing power; negative inflation represents deflation. This adjustment does not establish affordability.

✓

YMYL

Trust, Methodology & Sources

Reviewed by Calculover Editorial Review · Updated 2026-05-10 · 2 sources

Editorial accountability

Author: Quinn Sumner - Editor

Owner: Quinn Sumner - Editorial owner

Reviewer: Calculover Editorial Review - Source and limitation review

Last reviewed: 2026-05-10

Last verified: 2026-05-10

Data effective: 2026-05-10

Methodology

Investor profit is cash received plus remaining value minus contributed outflows. Historical endpoints are retained; projections apply the selected model. Recurring cash uses month-end or anniversary timing, and dated general-ledger cash uses actual days / 365. The return solver brackets and bisects in log-rate space and rejects unsupported sign patterns or nonconverged finite solutions. Retained rental cash is included once in terminal value, not fabricated as an external distribution.

Assumption: The observed endpoint, cash-flow amounts and dates are supplied by the user; this calculator does not verify them against account records or market prices.

Assumption: Recurring contributions occur at month end or annual anniversaries. Dated general-ledger fees are funded outside the account; asset-specific tax and fee settings are replaced by that ledger.

Assumption: Projected rates and modeled costs are assumptions. Real-estate tax assumptions illustrate U.S. depreciation and sale treatment in simplified form; the selected display currency does not convert those rules or perform foreign-exchange conversion.

Limitations & guidance

Historical intermediate curves, archived constant-rate lookups and simulated percentiles are illustrations. They do not establish observed prices, predictive confidence or future returns.

An unsupported IRR does not invalidate a reconciled profit receipt. This solver intentionally declines multiple-sign-change cases rather than selecting an arbitrary root.

Cash payback excludes unsold value. Fixed portfolio targets and withdrawal simulations do not establish suitability, a safe withdrawal rate or retirement affordability. Simplified taxes do not determine actual tax owed.

Professional guidance: ROI Calculator is for investment math education only and is not investment, tax, legal, or financial advice. Consider risk, fees, taxes, and suitability before acting.

Primary sources

Compound Interest Calculator - Investor.gov

Introduction to Investing - Investor.gov

📖

Glossary

Key Terms Explained

6 terms

Contributed outflows Initial invested cash plus subsequent investor contributions and explicitly externally funded fees. This is the holding-period ROI denominator.

Cash received Money withdrawn or distributed outside the investment. Retained cash and reinvested income are excluded.

Remaining value The value still held at the valuation date, after the selected modeled deductions. Count it once, separately from previously received cash.

Holding-period ROI Net investor profit divided by contributed outflows. It describes a whole-period result without adjusting for cash-flow dates or risk.

Annualized return A yearly equivalent whose meaning depends on cash timing: endpoint CAGR without intermediate flows, money-weighted return otherwise.

Cash payback The first dated external cash receipt that brings cumulative investor cash inflows up to cumulative outflows. Unsold market value is not payback.

👥

Scenarios

Real-World Examples

3 worked examples

👤

Alex

Simple observed gain

Result

$100.00; 10.00%

Initial investment $1,000.00 Remaining value $1,100.00 Duration 2026-01-01 → 2027-01-01

No contributions or costs: profit is USD 100 and holding-period ROI and one-year CAGR are 10%. The remaining USD 1,100 has not been paid out as cash.

👩

Sam

Valid total loss

Result

-$1,000.00; -100.00%

Initial investment $1,000.00 Remaining value $0.00 Duration 2026-01-01 → 2027-01-01

A deliberately entered zero remaining value gives profit of minus USD 1,000 and ROI of minus 100%. Endpoint CAGR is minus 100%; a finite money-weighted IRR is unavailable.

👨

Jordan

Dated investor cash receipt

Result

$75.00; 6.12%

Initial investment $1,000.00 Remaining value $900.00 Duration 2026-01-01 → 2027-01-01 Contribution 2026-04-01: $200.00 External fee 2026-08-01: $25.00 Distribution 2026-07-01: $400.00

Outflows are USD 1,225, including the contribution and external fee. USD 400 received plus USD 900 remaining gives USD 75 profit and 6.12% ROI. Multiple sign changes leave this solver's IRR unavailable.

🔗

Reference

Cite This Calculator

APA & MLA

Use either format to cite this calculator in a paper, report, or resource list.

APA

MLA

📄

Deep Dive

Read an investment receipt before comparing returns

4 chapters · 3 min read

An investment return needs a cash basis, a valuation date and a clear distinction between amounts received and amounts still held. A large ending balance can reflect new contributions rather than investment profit.

Reconcile the investor's money

Start with all contributed outflows. Add net profit, then check that the result equals cash received plus remaining value. Withdrawals and distributions leave the investment; reinvested dividends and retained rental cash remain inside it. Treating the same cash as both received and remaining overstates profit.

Choose observed results or future assumptions

Historical mode starts from an entered observed endpoint. Its intermediate line is an illustration, not a reconstructed price series. Future mode applies the selected return, fees and cash schedule. The result is a scenario; a constant assumed rate cannot describe every real market path.

Respect the timing of each contribution

A deposit at the end of a month does not earn that month's return. An annual deposit is made at its anniversary, not spread across the preceding months. Dated cash flows use actual days / 365. These distinctions affect annualized return, target timing, tables and exports even when total contributions match.

Separate the calculation from a decision

Return percentages alone do not measure liquidity, risk or retirement affordability. Flat tax and property-tax settings are simplified illustrations rather than filing calculations. Read each assumption and keep unsupported annualized measures unavailable. Compare cash flows and horizons explicitly instead of treating a higher ending value as a universal investment ranking.

❓

Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

6 questions

What does the ROI denominator include?+

This calculator uses all contributed outflows, including additional investor contributions and explicitly externally paid fees. The numerator is cash received plus remaining value minus those outflows.

Is zero the same as a blank remaining value?+

No. Zero is an intentional total-loss amount. A blank required value invalidates current results, chart tables, narratives and exports until completed.

How are fees and taxes treated?+

Read the displayed convention. An initial fee is inside the initial budget. Observed remaining value already includes ongoing investment performance and costs. Quoted exit costs and simplified final tax illustrations may then be applied. Dated fees are externally funded. Never deduct the same cost twice.

Why can profit be valid while IRR is unavailable?+

A cash receipt can reconcile even when the return equation has no supported unique finite solution. This calculator does not substitute a guessed CAGR for an unsupported money-weighted return.

Do the curves show observed prices or a forecast?+

Historical intermediate curves illustrate entered endpoints. Projected curves hold selected assumptions constant. Archived rate lookups and simulated percentiles are illustrations, not verified price histories, forecasts or guaranteed probabilities.

Are financial inputs put in a public link automatically?+

Passive edits do not publish financial inputs in the URL. Browser remembering is optional. Share opens a review: a blank link is the default, and including the complete numeric scenario requires an explicit choice. Saved scenario names are excluded.

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Investment ROI Calculator

Investment receipt

Market Scenario Analysis

Tax-rate illustration

Monte Carlo Simulation

Return Rate × Duration Sensitivity Matrix

Archived constant-rate illustration

Asset Class Comparison

Dollar-Cost Averaging vs Lump Sum

Historical Crash Impact

Break-Even Analysis

Edit Inputs

30-Year Wealth Projection

Wealth Milestones

FIRE Milestones

Contribution Ladder

Sequence of Returns Risk

Opportunity Cost Analysis

How to Use This Calculator

Choose the analysis

Enter investor cash and value

Add cash flows explicitly

Reconcile and review

Formula & Methodology

Trust, Methodology & Sources

Key Terms Explained

Real-World Examples

Alex

Sam

Jordan

Cite This Calculator

Read an investment receipt before comparing returns

Reconcile the investor's money

Choose observed results or future assumptions

Respect the timing of each contribution

Separate the calculation from a decision

Frequently Asked Questions

Get a branded PDF of your results

Investment receipt

How to Use This Calculator

Choose the analysis

Enter investor cash and value

Add cash flows explicitly

Reconcile and review

Formula & Methodology

Trust, Methodology & Sources

Key Terms Explained

Real-World Examples

Cite This Calculator

Read an investment receipt before comparing returns

Reconcile the investor's money

Choose observed results or future assumptions

Respect the timing of each contribution

Separate the calculation from a decision

Frequently Asked Questions

Get a branded PDF of your results

Keep Exploring

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Guides & articles

Glossary terms