The Revenue Multiple Framework
For SaaS companies, the most common valuation approach is a multiple of ARR. The multiple is primarily driven by growth rate (the single biggest factor), followed by net revenue retention, gross margin, and total addressable market. A company growing at 100% with 120% NRR might command a 30× multiple, while the same ARR growing at 30% with 95% NRR might get 10×. The 'Rule of 40' (growth rate + profit margin > 40%) is a quick health check.
Pre-Revenue Valuation
Before revenue, startups are valued using qualitative methods. The Berkus Method assigns up to $500K each for sound idea, prototype, quality team, strategic relationships, and product rollout. The Scorecard Method compares the startup to typical angel-stage valuations in the region, adjusting for team strength, market size, technology, and competition. These methods typically produce valuations of $2M-$8M for pre-seed and seed companies.