Cara halaman ini ditinjau
See methodology, assumptions & sources
| Risk tier | YMYL |
|---|---|
| Author | Calculover Editorial Team Finance and legal education |
| Editorial owner | Calculover Loans & Housing Desk Loan and housing methodology owner |
| Reviewer | Calculover Editorial Review Source and limitation review |
| Last reviewed | 2026-05-10 |
| Last verified | 2026-05-10 |
| Data effective date | 2026-05-10 |
Methodology
How to Calculate Real Estate ROI: Cap Rate, Cash-on-Cash, and Total Return uses the amortization, escrow, rate, fee, and housing-cost formulas documented on the page, then layers loan-program or property-cost assumptions when the user provides them.
Assumptions
- How to Calculate Real Estate ROI: Cap Rate, Cash-on-Cash, and Total Return relies on the values the user enters and does not independently verify income, balances, legal status, policy terms, or market quotes.
- Loan rates, fees, taxes, insurance, PMI or MIP, HOA dues, and closing costs are planning inputs unless a lender quote is supplied.
- The calculator assumes scheduled payments are made on time and that extra payments are applied according to the selected scenario.
Limitations
- How to Calculate Real Estate ROI: Cap Rate, Cash-on-Cash, and Total Return does not approve a loan, lock a rate, quote closing costs, determine program eligibility, or replace a Loan Estimate from a lender.
- Property taxes, insurance, HOA dues, PMI or MIP, lender overlays, credit score, and local fees can materially change the payment or cash-to-close.
Sources
- Buying a House, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
- Loan Estimate Explainer, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
- Mortgage Rates, Freddie Mac
Professional guidance: How to Calculate Real Estate ROI: Cap Rate, Cash-on-Cash, and Total Return is for housing-finance education only and is not mortgage, legal, tax, or underwriting advice. Confirm rates, fees, eligibility, and cash-to-close with a lender or housing professional.
Investasi real estat menggunakan beberapa metrik pengembalian yang berbeda, masing-masing menjawab pertanyaan berbeda. Cap rate mengukur kekuatan pendapatan properti. Pengembalian uang tunai mengukur pengembalian leverage Anda. Total ROI memberikan gambaran keseluruhan termasuk apresiasi dan peningkatan ekuitas.
Langkah 1: Pendapatan Operasional Bersih (NOI)
NOI = Pendapatan Sewa Kotor - Biaya Operasional Biaya operasional termasuk pajak properti, asuransi, pemeliharaan, pengelolaan properti (8-10%), tunjangan kekosongan (5-8%), dan perbaikan. JANGAN termasuk pembayaran hipotek.
Contoh: Dupleks menghasilkan sewa $2,400/bulan ($28,800/tahun). Total biaya operasional $10.800/tahun. NOI = $28.800 - $10.800 = $18,000.
Langkah 2: Batasan Tarif
Cap Rate = NOI / Harga Pembelian × 100 Tingkat batas tidak bergantung pada pembiayaan — ini mengukur keuntungan intrinsik properti.
Untuk dupleks yang dibeli seharga $300.000: Cap Rate = $18.000 / $300.000 = 6.0%. Gunakan Kalkulator Tingkat Batas untuk analisis kesepakatan lengkap.
Langkah 3: Pengembalian Uang Tunai
Cash-on-cash mengukur keuntungan leverage atas uang tunai aktual yang Anda investasikan. Jika Anda memberikan uang muka 20% ($60.000) ditambah biaya penutupan $5.000 ($65.000 total uang tunai), dan pembayaran hipotek tahunan adalah $14.400:
Arus Kas Tahunan = $18.000 NOI - pembayaran utang $14.400 = $3.600. CoC = $3.600 / $65.000 = 5.5%.
Jalankan analisis kesepakatan lengkap dengan sensitivitas dan proyeksi
Coba Kalkulator Cap Rate →Poin Penting
- Tarif batas mengukur properti, bukan investasi Anda — hal ini mengabaikan pembiayaan.
- Cash-on-cash mengukur keuntungan leverage Anda pada uang tunai aktual yang diinvestasikan.
- Total ROI termasuk apresiasi, penumpukan ekuitas, manfaat pajak, dan gabungan arus kas.
- Leverage memperkuat keuntungan — tingkat batas 6% dapat menghasilkan 15%+ total ROI dengan pembiayaan yang baik.